As a tropical country Indonesia has gifted for biodiversity, in this country is easy to find out Teak Wood in the forest, Perhutani as a forestry institution has a policy to maintain Teak Wood for furniture industry purposes. Perhutani's Teak Wood also known as a best material for furniture industry due to on each log there is no branch which is means the wood fiber looks smooth.
Furniture Indonesia well known as producer of high quality furniture for domestic and international market specially from Jepara's carpenter which located on Mid Java at Java Island.
Furniture is the mass noun for the movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work (as horizontal surfaces above the ground, such as tables and desks), or to store things (e.g., cupboards and shelves). Furniture can be a product of design and is considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose. It can be made from many materials, including metal, plastic, and wood. Furniture can be made using a variety of
woodworking joints which often reflect the local culture.
Archeological research shows that
Neolithic people used stone to build cupboards, dressers, beds, shelves and seats.
Ancient furniture from the 8th-century BC includes
tables and serving stands. The furniture of the
Middle Ages was usually heavy,
oak, and ornamented. Furniture design expanded during the Italian
Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century. The seventeenth century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded
Baroque designs. The nineteenth century is usually defined by
revival styles. The first three-quarters of the twentieth century are often seen as the march towards
Modernism. One unique outgrowth of post-modern furniture design is a return to natural shapes and textures.
Classical world
Ancient furniture has been excavated from the 8th-century BC
Phrygian tumulus, the Midas Mound, in
Gordion,
Turkey. Pieces found here include
tables and inlaid serving stands. There are also surviving works from the 9th-8th-century BC
Assyrian palace of
Nimrud. The earliest surviving carpet, the
Pazyryk Carpet was discovered in a frozen tomb in
Siberia and has been dated between the 6th and 3rd century BC. Recovered
Ancient Egyptian furniture includes 3rd millennium BC
beds discovered at
Tarkhan as place for the deceased, a c. 2550 BC
gilded bed and two chairs from the tomb of Queen
Hetepheres I, and many examples (boxes, beds, chairs) from c. 1550 to 1200 BC from
Thebes.
Ancient Greek furniture design beginning in the 2nd millennium BC, including
beds and the
klismos chair, is preserved not only by extant works, but by images on
Greek vases. The 1738 and 1748 excavations of
Herculaneum and
Pompeii revealed Roman furniture, preserved in the ashes of the
79 A.D. eruption of
Vesuvius, to the eighteenth century.
Early modern Europe
The furniture of the
Middle Ages was usually heavy,
oak, and ornamented with carved designs. Along with the other arts, the Italian
Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century marked a rebirth in design, often inspired by the
Greco-Roman tradition. A similar explosion of design, and renaissance of culture in general, occurred in Northern Europe, starting in the fifteenth century. The seventeenth century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded
Baroque designs that frequently incorporated a profusion of vegetal and scrolling ornament. Starting in the eighteenth century, furniture designs began to develop more rapidly. Although there were some styles that belonged primarily to one nation, such as
Palladianism in
Great Britain or
Louis Quinze in
French furniture, others, such as the
Rococo and
Neoclassicism were perpetuated throughout Western Europe.
Modernism
The first three-quarters of the twentieth century are often seen as the march towards
Modernism.
Art Deco,
De Stijl,
Bauhaus,
Wiener Werkstätte, and
Vienna Secession designers all worked to some degree within the Modernist idiom. Born from the
Bauhaus and Art Deco/Streamline styles came the post WWII "
Mid-Century Modern" style using materials developed during the war including laminated plywood, plastics and fiberglass. Prime examples include furniture designed by George Nelson Associates, Charles and Ray Eames,
Paul McCobb, Florence Knoll, Harry Bertoia, Eero Saarinen, Harvey Probber, Vladamir Kagan and
Danish modern designers including
Finn Juhl and
Arne Jacobsen.
Postmodern design, intersecting the
Pop art movement, gained steam in the 1960s and 70s, promoted in the 80s by groups such as the Italy-based
Memphis movement. Transitional furniture is intended to fill a place between Traditional and Modern tastes.
Indonesia
Indonesia (
i IN-də-NEE-zhə or
IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə;
Indonesian:
[ɪndonesia]), officially the
Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian:
Republik Indonesia [rɛpublik ɪndonesia]), is a
sovereign state in
Southeast Asia and
Oceania. Indonesia is the largest
island country in the world by the number of islands, with more than
fourteen thousand islands. Indonesia has an estimated population of over 255 million people and is the world's
fourth most populous country and the most populous
Muslim-majority country. The world's
most populous island of
Java contains 51% of the country's population.
Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia has
34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status. The nation's capital city is
Jakarta. The country shares land borders with
Papua New Guinea,
East Timor, and
Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include
Singapore, the
Philippines,
Australia,
Palau, and the
Indian territory of the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of
ASEAN and a member of the
G-20 major economies. The
Indonesian economy is the world's
16th largest by nominal GDP and the
8th largest by GDP at
PPP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when
Srivijaya and then later
Majapahit traded with
China and
India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early
centuries CE, and
Hindu and
Buddhist kingdoms flourished.
Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources.
Muslim traders and
Sufi scholars brought the now-dominant
Islam,while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of
Maluku during the
Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of
Dutch colonialism starting from the East Indonesia of
West Papua,
Timor to eventually all of West Indonesia, at times interrupted by
Portuguese,
French and British rule, Indonesia
secured its independence after
World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters,
mass slaughter,
corruption,
separatism,
a democratisation process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native
ethnic and
linguistic groups. The largest – and politically dominant – ethnic group are the
Javanese. A shared
identity has developed, defined by a
national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto,
"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity"
literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of
biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources, yet
poverty remains widespread.
Source : en.wikipedia.org